Seminar Change of Media (SoSe 2008), History, DatabaseGroup
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Book Printing
The movable type printing was invented by Johannes Gutenberg in Europe around 1439, and revolutionized European book-making. Gutenberg's early printing process is not known in great detail. His later Bibles were printed six pages at a time. Setting each page would take at least half a day, and considering all the work in loading the press, inking the type, hanging up the sheets, etc., it is thought that the Gutenberg–Fust shop might have employed about 25 craftsmen. Gutenberg's printing technology spread rapidly throughout Europe and is considered a key factor in the European Renaissance. In 1997, Time–Life magazine picked Gutenberg's invention as the most important of the second millennium. [1]
Cognitive classification
Help yourself to an empty card and draw a house on it. Just as you imagine a typical house. Afterwards you write “House”, your Name and todays date into the headline.
After having done this follow this link: House
Database
For a visualization on the database principle, please follow this link: Database
Digital Revolution
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LUHMANNSCHER ZETTELKASTEN
A slip box (Zettelkasten) is used to adminestrate literature and as a mnemonic device. It consists of a box, cards and a classification system. The cards contain e.g. bibliographic data, catchwords, links, comments and a code/signature. Due to its volume and relevance to the owners work, Niklas Luhmanns slip box is well known. His classification system is not alphabetical, but numerical and detached from matters. Via numbers (expandable up to 12 figures) each note is assigned to an ultimately fixed storing position. It’s a reticulate, not a linear system. Luhmanns slip box contains his own cogitations and some quotations. When he died it had been so enormous that a relocation company was needed to move it into a research center. ”Each note is just an element that achieves his quality thanks to references and cross-references” [2]
Mundaneum
In 1895 Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine established the Institut international de bibliographie. It was a vast informational retrieval scheme, in which they proposed to file, index, and provide information for retrieval on anything of note published anywhere in the world. The government granted them space in a government building, where Otlet expanded the operation. He hired more staff, and established a fee-based research service that allowed anyone in the world to submit a query via mail or telegraph — a kind of analog search engine. Inquiries poured in from all over the world, more than 1,500 a year. As the Mundaneum evolved, it began to choke on the sheer volume of paper. Paul Otlet started sketching ideas for new technologies to manage the information overload. At one point he posited a kind of paper-based computer. Eventually, however, Otlet realized the ultimate answer involved scrapping paper altogether. [3]
References
- ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Gutenberg (29.06.2008)
- ↑ Niklas Luhmann: Kommunikation mit Zettelkästen. Ein Erfahrungsbericht ( 1981). In: André Kieserling (Hrsg.) Universität als Milieu (1992). Bielefeld: Verlag Cordula Haux.; http://www.uni-weimar.de/medien/kulturtechniken/lehre/ss2005/material/kranz_luhmann.pdf (23.05.2008)
- ↑ http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/17/science/17mund.html?pagewanted=2 (06.07.2008); http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1913/fontaine-bio.html (06.07.2008)
