Tutoring
From Mmswiki
Tutoring
Who can be a tutor?
People, who aren’t professional teachers
- Parents - Brothers or sisters - Volunteers - Peers
=> Everyone can be a tutor
What does a human tutor do?
Introduces the student into a new situation Provides a bridge between a existing knowledge and a new task Helps and supports the learning of others Provides a structure to support the learner’s problem solving Motivates the students Gives more
- practice - individualized help - demonstration - immediate feedback - self – correction - Controls the learning process - Has the opportunity to give the student as much time as needed
A Tutoring situation
1) Real-life goals
- Regular time - Students’ real-life goals - Small steps - Balance support and challenge
2) Question and prompt
- Avoid lectures - Review - Variety - Question - Thinking time - Prompt
3) Check and correct errors
- Check for errors - Promote self – correction - Ensure correct correction
4) Discuss and Praise
- Discuss - Praise - Summarize/Review
What Tutors have, compared with professional teachers
- greater quantity - poorer quality - less reliable detection of errors
A “Computer Tutor” needs to
- Include an ideal student model - Include a model of where an individual learner is at - Include a strategy, adapted to needs of each learner
Tasks of a “Computer Tutor”
- Presents examples or problems to solve - Compares the student’s performance with that of the model - Provides goals for the learner to achieve - Monitors the effect of practise
“Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS)”
- Develop teaching materials - Tracks student’s work - Give feedback - Give hints along the way - Collects information about a student’s strength and weakness - Suggest additional work - Adjust to current needs and abilities
All this information are taken out of several media - internet and books
- Elsom-Cook,Mark ed., "Guided Discovery Tutoring", Paul Chapman, 1990
- Sautier,Annette & Werner, "Blended Learning", 2002
- An article from The International Academy of Education - "Tutoring"
- Wood,David & Heather, “Vygotsky, Tutoring and Learning” in Oxford Review of Education, v22 n1 p5-16, Mar 1996
- Chi M.T.H.1; Siler S.A.; Jeong H.; Yamauchi T.; Hausmann R.G., "Learning from human tutoring" in Cognitive Science, Volume 25,
Number 4, July 2001
